Plunging profits at the two premier Wall Street investment banks sparked contrasting reactions from investors, who punished Goldman Sachs for a sharp fall in investment banking fees while rewarding Morgan Stanley’s push into more stable businesses.
The earnings further underscored the benefits of Morgan Stanley’s expansion into wealth and asset management under chief executive James Gorman. Goldman, however, remains heavily reliant on dealmaking and trading for its profits, businesses that are less valued by investors because of the unpredictable revenues.
Both Goldman and Morgan Stanley saw investment banking fees fall by almost 50 per cent, amid a dearth of mergers and new stock market listings. However, record wealth management revenues at Morgan Stanley helped to partly offset the declines.
That allowed Morgan Stanley to post fourth-quarter net earnings of $2.2bn, beating analysts’ estimates, whereas Goldman fell short of forecasts with $1.3bn in what chief executive David Solomon conceded was a “disappointing” performance.
Jason Goldberg, banking analyst at Barclays, said: “Clearly Morgan Stanley benefited from the ballast provided by both its wealth management and investment management business units.”
Morgan Stanley’s share price was up more than 7 per cent in early afternoon trading in New York, while Goldman shares had dropped nearly 8 per cent. The S&P 500 was effectively unchanged.
Morgan Stanley’s price-to-book ratio, which compares a bank’s stock price against the value of its assets, is currently around 1.7 times, compared to 1.04 times for Goldman, according to Morningstar.
“It’s fair to say our business model was tested this year,” Gorman said on a call with analysts. “We focus on markets we know best.”
Whereas Morgan Stanley has focused on acquisitions that bolstered its wealth management and asset management, one of the critical pillars of Goldman’s efforts to diversify has been its consumer banking business. But Solomon is now scaling back that effort following years of losses and investor unease.
Solomon admitted that Goldman had “tried to do too much too quickly” in retail banking following its first foray into the business in 2016 under previous chief executive Lloyd Blankfein.
Part of Goldman’s consumer business is being folded in to a newly formed “Platform Solutions” division that suffered a pre-tax fourth-quarter loss of $778mn, largely due to provisions to cover potential losses on loans Goldman has made to consumer customers.
In what some analysts took as a reference to Goldman, Morgan Stanley’s earnings presentation listed unsecured consumer credit on a list of “What We Don’t Like to Own”.
“It’s very clear that Morgan Stanley just has a lot more durability in its model,” said Christian Bolu, research analyst at Autonomous Research. “It’s something that Goldman is aspiring to but they clearly haven’t gotten there yet.”
Goldman is now doubling down on its asset and wealth management business in the hope that this can replicate the kind of recurring earnings that Morgan Stanley is generating.
“Our number-one priority for asset and wealth management is to grow our management fees. That’s the durability, that’s the predictability,” Goldman chief financial officer Denis Coleman told the Financial Times.
Part of that will be achieved by reducing Goldman’s so-called on-balance sheet investments, a remnant of the era when the bank would wager its own capital for investments. That business can generate lucrative profits in good years but can also force the bank into painful losses, like $660mn in losses from stock market investments in the fourth quarter.
Goldman is working to sell these on-balance sheet investments while also raising outside funds to invest.
The disappointing few months for Goldman is being felt across the bank, with the company earlier this month laying off around 3,200 employees, roughly 6 per cent of its workforce, as well as embarking on a wide-ranging cost-cutting programme. By contrast, Morgan Stanley cut headcount by 1,800 in December and has no plans for more lay-offs, the bank said on Tuesday.
Morgan Stanley is holding extra capital above regulatory requirements that would allow it to make further investments if the right opportunity comes along, Gorman said.
“We’re not of the view that we’re heading into a dark period,” Gorman added. “We want to make sure we’re positioned for growth. This thing will turn, M&A [and] underwriting will come back, I’m positive of it. So we want to be well positioned for it.”